Search results for "bepress|Life Sciences|Kinesiology"

Data from: Sex-specific effects of natural and sexual selection on the evolution of life span and ageing in Drosophila simulans

2015

1. Variation in the strength of age-dependent natural selection shapes differences in ageing rates across species and populations. Likewise, sexual selection can promote divergent patterns of senescence across the sexes. However, the effects of these processes on the evolution of ageing have largely been considered independently, and interactions between them are poorly understood. 2. We use experimental evolution to investigate how natural and sexual selection affect life span and ageing in Drosophila simulans. 3. Replicate populations were evolved under lifetime monogamy (relaxed sexual selection) or lifetime polyandry (elevated sexual selection) and at one of two temperatures, 25 °C (rel…

Consensus nomenclature for CD8(+) T cell phenotypes in cancer

2015

International audience; Whereas preclinical investigations and clinical studies have established that CD8+ T cells can profoundly affect cancer progression, the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Challenging the prevalent view that the beneficial effect of CD8+ T cells in cancer is solely attributable to their cytotoxic activity, several reports have indicated that the ability of CD8+ T cells to promote tumor regression is dependent on their cytokine secretion profile and their ability to self-renew. Evidence has also shown that the tumor microenvironment can disarm CD8+ T cell immunity, leading to the emergence of dysfunctional CD8+ T cells. The existence of different types of CD8+ T…

La minéralité perçue dans le vin

2015

Article technique.; National audience; Beaucoup des aspects les plus fondamentaux et passionnants du vin demeurent conceptuellement insaisissables. Lorsque nous y sommes confrontés d’un point de vue sensoriel, nous pouvons avoir l’impression de bien connaître les attributs les plus abstraits du vin comme la qualité, la complexité et la minéralité, mais d’un point de vue scientifique nous savons très peu de chose sur ce que précisément ces termes signifient à la fois pour les professionnels et les consommateurs de vin. Par exemple, malgré l’intérêt actuel de la filière et des producteurs pour la perception de la minéralité dans le vin et l’utilisation de plus en plus fréquente de ce terme pa…

Influence du liraglutide (analogue du GLP-1) sur les caractéristiques hédoniques de la prise alimentaire et les performances gustatives, chez les pat…

2011

Early development of hedonic and motivational aspects of eating behaviour

2015

Eating is essential for survival. However, the newborn is not an autonomous eater, and has to learn ‘how', ‘what', ‘when', and ‘how much' to eat quickly enough to ensure harmonious growth and development. In other nutritional areas, it has been shown during the past 20 years that early experiences are likely to impact long-term health outcomes. Thus, it appears fundamental to understand the early development of hedonic and motivational aspects of eating behaviour. This presentation will describe several studies conducted in our group during the past 10 years, in order to gain more knowledge about the development of what and how much children eat, in relation with food sensory and nutritiona…

Acute partial sleep deprivation increases food intake in healthy young men.

2011

Meeting Abstract ; ISI:000288862900129; International audience

From Sequences to Variables : Rethinking the Relationship between Sequences and Outcomes

2021

Sequence analysis is increasingly used in the social sciences for the holistic analysis of life-course and other longitudinal data. The usual approach is to construct sequences, calculate dissimilarities, group similar sequences with cluster analysis, and use cluster membership as a dependent or independent variable in a regression model. This approach may be problematic, as cluster memberships are assumed to be fixed known characteristics of the subjects in subsequent analyses. Furthermore, it is often more reasonable to assume that individual sequences are mixtures of multiple ideal types rather than equal members of some group. Failing to account for uncertain and mixed memberships may l…

Development of herbicide-resistant varieties of foxtail millet

2012

International audience; Developing herbicide resistance in forsaken small crops could be a way to maintain food and cultivation system diversity, otherwise they would disappear due to the impossibility or cost to control the weeds. It is the case with foxtail millet, Setaria italica, a small grain, preferentially autogamous, C4 cereal. Three different herbicide-resistant materials were developed using wild germplasm resources. They allowed: 1) to better characterize the resistance mechanisms and inheritance; 2) provide plant materials to test the efficiency of the crop resistance at field level; and 3) experiment on the possible flow back of the resistance gene to the wild relative and amon…

Sex Allocation Theory for Facultatively Sexual Organisms Inhabiting Seasonal Environments: The Importance of Bet Hedging

2018

Adaptive explanations for dormancy often invoke bet hedging, where reduced mean fitness can be adaptive if it associates with reduced fitness variance. Sex allocation theory typically ignores variance effects and focuses on mean fitness. For many cyclical parthenogens, these themes become linked, as only sexually produced eggs undergo the dormancy needed to survive harsh conditions. We ask how sex allocation and the timing of sex evolve when this constraint exists in the form of a trade-off between asexual reproduction and sexual production of dormant eggs—the former being crucial for within-season success and the latter for survival across seasons. We show that male production can be tempo…

Data from: Daphnia females adjust sex allocation in response to current sex ratio and density

2019

Cyclical parthenogenesis presents an interesting challenge for the study of sex allocation, as individuals’ allocation decisions involve both the choice between sexual and asexual reproduction, and the choice between sons and daughters. Male production is therefore expected to depend on ecological and evolutionary drivers of overall investment in sex, and those influencing male reproductive value during sexual periods. We manipulated experimental populations, and made repeated observations of natural populations over their growing season, to disentangle effects of population density and the timing of sex from effects of adult sex ratio on sex allocation in cyclically parthenogenetic Daphnia…